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The X Bar Bar plus three sigmas establishes the Upper Control Limit (UCL) and X Bar Bar minus three sigmas the Lower Control Limit (LCL). The three sigmas above and three below—six sigmas total—is the control range. It'll include 99.7 percent of all variations due to chance. This assumes a "normal" distribution of X Bars. (When charted, the X Bars should roughly form a bell-shaped normal curve.) Slightly more than 95 percent of all variations will be within plus or minus two sigmas, and 68 percent within plus or minus one sigma.
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- W. Edwards Deming
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