Electronic Paper — Paper Route

When an electrical field is applied, the particles move vertically within the capsules: a negative electric charge moves the white particles to the top of the capsules—where they’re visible to the viewer—while a positive charge moves the black particles to the bottom of the capsules—where they’re not visible. Reversing the polarity reverses the visibility of the white and back particles. Black particles form image areas, while white areas form non-image areas.