Special items in the second quarter of 2009 included a $482 million pre-tax credit ($294 million after taxes) for alternative fuel mixture credits, a $48 million before and after-tax charge to write down the assets of the Etienne mill in France to estimated fair value, an $18 million pre-tax charge ($11 million after taxes) for integration costs associated with the Industrial Packaging business integration, and a pre-tax charge of $79 million ($55 million after taxes) for restructuring and other charges. Restructuring and other charges included a $34 million charge before taxes ($21 million after taxes) for severance and benefit costs associated with the Company's 2008 overhead reduction program, a $25 million charge before taxes ($16 million after taxes) for early debt extinguishment costs, a $15 million before and after-tax charge for severance and other costs related to the Company's Etienne mill in France, and a $5 million charge before taxes ($3 million after taxes) for other closure costs. Additionally, the second-quarter income tax provision included a $156 million charge to establish a valuation allowance for net operating loss carryforwards in France, and a $26 million credit related to the closing of the 2004 and 2005 U.S. federal income tax audit and related state income tax effects.